Biochemistry (6th Edition) Edit edition

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Living systems consist of complex arrangements of molecules that, when organized correctly, can undergo the process of growth, perform metabolism, reproduce (asexually or sexually), and respond to stimuli. Their immense diversity stems from the various possible organizations of these molecules that are capable of performing the tasks mentioned above.

As organisms become more complex, their structures generally undergo further and further specialization to have ideal functionality in performing the certain tasks that each cell and structure is assigned. Organelles are an example of a living system organizing molecules into macromolecules and then combining and arranging these macromolecules into a larger structure with a specified function.

Living systems must acquire energy from an external source in order to sustain life, whether it is from the sun (via photosynthesis) or consuming organic matter.

Reproduction is how an organism propagates its DNA, which is the genetic material.